Nephrite Jade vs. Jadeite - Two Distinct Minerals

The term 'Jade' encompasses two distinct minerals: Nephrite and Jadeite. These minerals belongs to different mineral groups. Both fascinating gemstones have historical significance across various cultures and are particularly treasured in the Pacific Northwest for their ornamental and cultural importance. The mineral is known for its toughness and durability, making it ideal for carving and crafting. Nephrite is slightly softer than jadeite.

Both Nephrite and Jadeite form under high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphic conditions, although the processes involved in their creation differ.

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite is a member of the tremolite-actinolite group, primarily composed of calcium, magnesium, iron, and silicate. As part of the amphibole group in mineral classification, nephrite is characterized by a structure consisting of fibrous crystals and exhibits a grainier texture compared to jadeite.

It comes in various colors, including shades of green, white, gray, and black. The specific colors depend on its mineral impurities. The most prized color is an intense vibrant green and mutton-fat white.

Nephrite can exhibit many patterns such as dendrites, snowflakes, swirls, and inclusions such as quartz crystals or others minerals.

Nephrite holds a special status as the official state mineral of Wyoming, underscoring its significance and presence in the region.

Jadeite

Jadeite, a member of the pyroxene mineral group, is composed of sodium, aluminum, silicate, and iron. Characterized by interlocking grainy and elongated crystals, it exhibits exceptional toughness.

Jadeite may be green, yellow, white, gray, brown, pink, or pale purple. The most prized is Imperial Jade, a translucent emerald-green variety of jadeite.

How Identify Nephrite and Jadeite?

Ornamental nephrite and jadeite share a massive habit and are visually challenging to differentiate. Historically, they were considered the same mineral until the 19th century.

Distinguishing between these minerals is often difficult due to their similar appearance and hardness. It often required tests like petrographic, geochemical,or X-ray diffraction analyses.

The most straightforward method for identification is by assessing their specific gravity.

Where is Jade Found?

The jade found in the Pacific Northwest is primarily nephrite jade. This region hosts various jade deposits across states such as Washington, Oregon, California, Wyoming (United States), and British Columbia (Canada).

Nephrite Jade in the Pacific Northwest

Locations:

Washington: Beach-worn nephrite can be found along the Pacific shoreline.
Oregon: Similar to Washington, Oregon's Pacific coast also offers opportunities to find nephrite.
California: In addition to beach-worn nephrite, California has inland deposits.
Wyoming: Known for significant nephrite jade deposits, it's also the official state mineral.
British Columbia: Beach-worn nephrite along the Pacific shorelines and inland deposits.

Jadeite in the Pacific Northwest

Jadeite is more prized and rare compared to nephrite.

Known Deposits:

San Benito County, California: Clear Creek deposit at Idria Peak is a notable location.
Skagit County, Washington: Another known location for jadeite deposits.